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People who experience poignant ambivalence — simultaneously climate positive and ‘No’ emotions — are more creative than those who feel just on top of the world or sad, or deficiency emotion at all, according to a new study.

That’s because people who discern contradictory emotions paraphrase the experience as a signal that they are in an unusual territory and thus respond to it by drawing upon their creative rational abilities, said Christina Ting Fong, an assistant professor at the University of Washington Business School. This increased sensitivity for recognizing unexpected associations, which happy or morose workers probably couldn’t spot, is what leads to creativity in the workplace, she added.

“Due to the complexity of many organizations, workplace experiences continually bring to light adulterated emotions from employees, and it’s oftentimes assumed that mixed emotions are downhearted in requital for workers and companies,” said Fong, whose library appears in the October issue of the Academy of Management Documentation. “Rather than assuming ambivalence resolve take the lead to negative results for the organism, managers should recognize that irrational ambivalence can have thetical consequences that can be leveraged looking for organizational success.”

For her research, Fong conducted two studies. In the before, she asked 102 college students to write about dependable hysterical experiences in their lives with the purpose of invoking in them feelings of happiness, sadness, neutrality or ambivalence. She then had them unbroken a commonly used dispense of creativity called the Obscure Associates Test that explored their aptitude to recognize common themes among seemingly unrelated words. The results demonstrated that while there were no differences all of a add up to happy, sad and neutral individuals, people who were feeling emotionally ambivalent performed significantly bigger on this creativity assignment.

For the secondly study, she showed the 138 students either a film clip of the comedy “Father of the Bride” or a dull hide saver. In the integument clip, a young woman, on the evening of her wedding day, discussed with her father the joy associated with her upcoming wedding and the sadness involved with growing up and entering adulthood. The screensaver and the clip were chosen to make people feel either non-partisan or ambivalent, respectively. Then the students took the Remote Associates Exam.

She found that the emotionally ambivalent people who saw the clip showed increased creativity in comparison to those who watched the screensaver, but one when they believed their emotional ambivalence was unusual. Surprisingly, she said, no relationship was establish between positive emotions and creativity or uninterested emotions and creativity.

According to Fong, one implication of this research is that when people want mixed emotions, they see this as a signal that they are in a situation that might contain lots of unusual associations, and thus will poverty to respond by using more imaginative thinking.

“Managers who craving to inflate the creative put out of their employees might emoluments from following in the footsteps of companies like intention firm IDEO or Walt Disney, which pride themselves on maintaining odd working environments. On some stage straight, the bicycles that grasp from the ceiling at IDEO and the colorful, casual locale at Disney probably facilitate their employees grind their abilities to come up with novel and innovative ideas.”

Fong said that in previous studies she found women who are in executive positions are more likely to be emotionally ambivalent than women in decrease status positions. Combining her above research with this study, Fong said, suggests that women in high-standing positions disposition be more ingenious managers.

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Article adapted by Medical News Today from original constrain release.
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Contact: Nancy Gardner

University of Washington

Chinese researchers sooner a be wearing unravelled how a training technic adapted from traditional Chinese medicine works to reduce weight and enhance information.

The novel mind-body training technique apparently produces results after just five days and has been found to have both brain and physiological links.

The practice – integrative body-mind training (IBMT) was adapted from traditional Chinese medicine in the 1990s in China, where it is practiced by thousands of people and is now being taught to undergraduates involved in research on the method at the University of Oregon (UO).

In 2007, researchers led by visiting UO professor Yi-Yuan Tang and UO psychologist Michael Posner found that doing IBMT prior to a mental mathematics test led to low levels of the stress hormone cortisol among the students and when compared to a relaxation control group the IBMT group also showed lower levels of anxiety, depression, anger and fatigue.

Dr. Tang is a professor of neuroinformatics at China’s Dalian University of Technology and visiting scholar at the University of Oregon and he says previous research indicated that IBMT subjects showed a reduced response to stress but why it worked so fast was unclear.

He says this latest research shows how IBMT alters blood flow and electrical activity in the brain, breathing quality and even skin conductance, allowing for "a state akin to how a person might feel on waking on a sunny morning feeling relaxed, calm and refreshed without any stress" – he says this is the state of meditation.

Research by Dr. Tang and 13 Chinese colleagues have defined the brain and physiological changes triggered by IBMT using several technologies in two experiments involving 86 undergraduate students at Dalian University of Technology, where Tang is a professor.

Dr. Posner and psychology professor Mary K. Rothbart, who are not co-authors on the paper say they were able to show that the training improved the connection between a central nervous system structure, the anterior cingulate, and the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system to help put a person into a more bodily state.

Posner says the results seem to show integration or a connectivity of brain and body.

In each experiment, participants who had not previously practiced relaxation or meditation received either IBMT or general relaxation instruction for 20 minutes a day for five days.

While both groups experienced some benefit from the training, those in IBMT showed dramatic differences based on brain-imaging and physiological testing using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) – a scanning method less distracting than functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

The scans showed IBMT subjects had increased blood flow in the right anterior cingulate cortex, a region associated with self regulation of cognition and emotion and physiological tests also revealed significant changes.

Compared with the relaxation group, IBMT subjects had lower heart rates and skin conductance responses, increased belly breathing amplitude and decreased chest respiration rates, all of which, researchers wrote, "reflected less effort exerted by participants and more relaxation of body and calm state of mind."

The researchers also noticed that IBMT subjects had more high-frequency heart-rate variability than their relaxation counterparts, indicating "successful inhibition of sympathetic tone and activation of parasympathetic tone in the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic tone becomes more active when stressed).

Dr. Posner says preliminary findings of a recently completed but unpublished UO study involving a small group of U.S. students are show almost identical results and a much larger UO study is in progress.

The IBMT technique avoids struggles to control thought, relying instead on a state of restful alertness, allowing for a high degree of body-mind awareness while receiving instructions from a coach, who provides breath-adjustment guidance and mental imagery and other techniques, whilst soothing music plays in the background – thought control is achieved gradually through posture, relaxation, body-mind harmony and balanced breathing, but Dr. Tang says a good coach is critical.

Dr. Tang says life is full of stress, and people need to learn methods to handle stress and improve their performance – Tang says there is physical training – but they wanted to look at mental training and he believes this method appears to have benefit for the modern society fast pace.

The research is published in the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences and was funded by China’s Natural Science Foundation and Ministry of Education and the U.S.-based James S. Bower and John Templeton foundations.

Researchers in the U.S. say that a crave-acting antibiotic can help treat the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

The researchers from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles say the antibiotic rifaximin reduced symptoms such as bloating, cramps, diarrhea and constipation for as long as 10 weeks after it was given in a 10-day course.

According to the National Institutes of Health, as many as 20 percent of American adults suffer from IBS which is also known as spastic colon.

IBS affects the part of the digestive tract that is responsible for stool production and impeded bowel functioning associated with the disorder can result in cramping, bloating, gas, diarrhea and constipation.

At present there is no cure for IBS and the disorder is usually treated with a combination of dietary alterations (eliminating foods such as caffeine, alcohol, sodas, dairy and high-fat foods), medicines (laxatives, antispasmodics and antidepressants) and stress counseling.

In severe cases the condition can be quite disabling and adversely affects people’s lives.

Although the exact cause is unknown it is thought to be related to bacteria that naturally live in the gut.

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome, have muscles in the colon which do not function normally and may spasm.

Dr. Mark Pimentel and colleagues at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles discovered when they gave 87 sufferers in Chicago and Los Angeles, either 400 mg of rifaximin three times a day for 10 days or a placebo, the rifaximin helped overall symptoms and the benefits lasted for 10 weeks.

Rifaximin is an antibiotic which targets bacterial “overgrowth” in the small intestine and is used to treat travelers’ diarrhea.

Dr. Pimentel says the fact that the benefit of the targeted antibiotic continued even after it was stopped provides evidence that the antibiotic was acting on a source of the problem: excess bacteria in the gut”.

He says this offers a new treatment approach and a new hope for people with IBS.

Pimentel’s team says larger, long-term studies are now needed to explore rifaximin’s potential side effects, as well as its benefits for IBS sufferers, and to compare the drug’s effectiveness up against other IBS treatments.

The study is published in the current issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Researchers have discovered that Broca’s area in the brain – best known as the province that evolved to preside over tongue production – is a major “executive” center in the brain by reason of organizing hierarchies of behaviors.

Such planning ability, from cooking a meal to organizing a space mission, is considered one of the hallmarks of human intelligence.

The researchers found that Broca’s area–which lies on the left side of the brain about in the temple region–and its counterpart on the right side activate when people are asked to organize plans of action. They said their finding of the general executive function of Broca’s area could explain its key role in language production.

Importantly, the researchers found that this executive function of these cortical regions was distinct from the organization of temporal sequences of actions.

The researchers, Etienne Koechlin and Thomas Jubault of Universiti Pierre et Marie Curie and Ecole Normale Supirieure, described their experiments in the June 15, 2006, issue of Neuron.

In their experiments, the researchers asked volunteers to execute a sequence of button presses when they saw colored squares or letters on a screen. Koechlin and Jubault designed their experiment so that they could precisely distinguish hierarchical planning of tasks from the temporal organization of tasks. The subjects were asked to perform both simple sequences of button presses in response to a stimulus, “simple action chunks,” and “superordinate action chunks.” Simple action chucks were single motor acts that required sequential action. Superordinate action chunks included “a sequence of categorization tasks, like sorting a deck of playing cards first by color, then by suit, then by rank.”

While they performed the tasks, the subjects were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging. This scanning technique involves using harmless magnetic fields and radio waves to measure blood flow in brain regions, which reflects brain activity.

Koechlin and Jubault found that Broca’s area and its right-brain counterpart were clearly responsible for hierarchical processing.

“Our results provide evidence that Broca’s area and its right homolog implement a specialized executive system controlling the selection and nesting of action segments comprising the hierarchical structure of behavioral plans, regardless of their temporal structure,” wrote the researchers. “This finding suggests a basic segregation between prefrontal executive systems involved in the hierarchical and temporal organization of goal-directed behaviors, highlighting the specific contribution of Broca’s area and its right homolog to executive control.

“Interestingly, Broca’s area is mostly known to be critically involved in human language, especially in processing hierarchical structures of human language and in organizing linguistic segments that compose speech,” they wrote. They concluded that “our results support the view that Broca’s area implements an executive function specialized for processing hierarchical structures in multiple domains of human cognition. We speculate that the modular executive system of hierarchical control we describe possibly captures key functional components that may explain the critical contribution of Broca’s area to human language.”

http://www.neuron.org

Police matrix week in Beijing switch down a three-day cultural event aimed at discussing cultural issues and HIV/AIDS quantity gays and lesbians in China, Japan’s Kyodo News reports. The Gay and Lesbian Cultural Festival, which was to be held Dec. 16-18 at a nightclub in the city’s “Factory 789″ art district, was seal close down down on Dec. 14 after the gendarmes told organizers the event would attract too myriad people (Jennings, Kyodo Information, 12/20). New York-based Human Rights On the qui vive for and the Canadian HIV/AIDS Sound Network on Tuesday criticized the abandonment, asking Chinese President Hu Jintao, Premier Wen Jiabao, the Ministry of In the open Security and the State Council Panel on HIV/AIDS to look into the absence of discussion about sexuality and sexual strength in the country. “The Chinese supervision tells the cosmos that it is dealing with HIV/AIDS in internationally acceptable ways but continues to bother civil society organizations that can get under way the way to effective programs,” Joanne Csete, executive director of the Canadian HIV/AIDS Juridical Network, said. She added that this is “part of a plan of censorship and harassment of Chinese activists working for animal rights and health” (HRW release, 12/20). China’s Foreign Religion spokesperson Qin Unify during a news talk on Tuesday said, “I reckon, if the police apply the law, of course they liking have law enforcement evidence.” Organizers are planning to division an art exhibit and symposium once the event’s location reopens, according to Zhu Rikun, a Beijing resident (Kyodo News, 12/20).

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